The Influence of Traffic-Related Air Pollution (TRAP) in Primary Schools and Residential Proximity to Traffic Sources on Histone H3 Level in Selected Malaysian Children

This study aimed to investigate the association between traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure and histone H3 modification among school children in high-traffic (HT) low-traffic (LT) areas Malaysia. Respondents’ background information personal traffic sources were obtained from questionnaires distributed randomly selected children. Real-time monitoring instruments used for 6-h measurements of PM10, PM2.5, PM1, NO2, SO2, O3, CO, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC). Meanwhile, 24-h PM2.5-bound black carbon (BC) performed using sampling pumps. The salivary level was captured an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HT schools had significantly higher BC, TVOC than LT schools, all at p < 0.001. Children area more likely get levels (z = −5.13). There positive weak correlations concentrations NO2 (r 0.37), CO 0.36), PM1 0.35), PM2.5 0.34), SO2 PM10 0.33), O3 0.25), BC 0.19). Overall, this proposes possible role interpreting effects TRAP via non-genotoxic mechanisms.